An Introduction to Lymphoedema

Lymphoedema or lymphedema is a condition where there is fluid retention due to a damaged lymphatic system which causes a swelling. It is also known as lymphatic obstruction and more often is the aftermath of a cancer treatment involving surgery or radiation. Primary lymphedema is a hereditary condition, present at the birth of the individual. However, secondary lymphedema is more common among persons who have had any kind of cancer surgery including mastectomy, lumpectomy and radiation therapy to the lymph nodes in the groin, armpit, pelvis or abdomen. The symptoms of the condition may appear as soon as a few days after surgery or occur years later.

The main reason for this condition is trauma to the lymphatic system, such as in case of cancer surgery, where the path of the fluid movement is obstructed. Due to the removal of the lymph nodes, the lymph begins to stagnate at one area causing a swelling. After cancer treatment, this is an expected side effect, a reason why doctors always monitor the case by taking arm or leg measurements. An early diagnosis of lymphedema enables the doctor to begin treatment so that the condition does not progress beyond control. Treatment is highly effective in the early stages of the disease.

Initial symptoms of lymphoedema may show up as a rash or pain in the arm or leg on the side that had the surgery. There could be a swelling in the fingers, arms, hands, chest, shoulders or leg. The first occurrence of the swelling is often the result of a cut, bruise, sunburn or even a sports injury. Sometimes the episode of swelling could start off during a long airplane trip due to a sudden drop in pressure. The patient may experience skin tightness and reduced flexibility in the wrist or ankle. Sometimes clothes may not fit in a particular area or a bracelet or watch may suddenly begin to feel tight. These are initial symptoms for early stage lymphedema and require immediate attention of a doctor.

The doctor may evaluate the condition with the help of the patient’s medical history, some tests and a physical examination. Treatment is based on the symptoms and sometimes antibiotics may be prescribed to cure an infection. An important aspect of lymphedema treatment is health care. This includes personal hygiene, skin care and avoiding injury to the affected limb. Bandaging of the affected part and keeping it elevated are also part of treatment. A gentle massage to direct the lymphatic fluids towards the venous system is necessary to curb the swelling. Exercise plays a major role by increasing the flexibility of the limbs thus promoting lymph circulation.

Lymphoedema cannot be cured but it can certainly be managed with proper precautions and treatment. The onset of the disease can be delayed by following a balanced diet. Avoid a diet with high salt or fat content. Fruits and vegetables supply the body with a variety of nutrients that help to strengthen it to combat disease. Drinking adequate quantities of water (8 glasses per day) is important to keep the body hydrated. Regular exercise is a must to retain mobility. It is imperative to avoid injury to the lymphedema affected body part so that infection does not set in.

A person suffering from lymphedema has a weak immune system and is therefore prone to infection. Hence, they must remain alert to any signs of infection like a skin rash, irritable throat, pain while swallowing, nausea, diarrhea or a persistent cough. It is prudent to avoid tight clothes or jewelry so as not to stress the affected limbs. Comfortable closed shoes should be worn so that the feet are protected. With these precautions, it is possible to deal with lymphedema and prevent it from progressing further.